Accordingly, these results demonstrate that DI can potentially be used for effective, rapid response control and eradication of C. Experiments 4 and 5 showed that DI application was highly effective even with clams that were covered in gravel or mud, due to the freezing of their surrounding substrate. In experiments 2 and 3, DI pellets of 9 mm induced higher clam mortality than 3 mm pellets, DI slices and mixed DI pellet sizes (3 and 9 mm) at simulated clam densities of 11 individuals m-2, especially when clams were submerged. fluminea mortality, with a direct application of 300 g DI at 5 min exposure inducing 100% clam mortality. Experiment 1 revealed the ability of 9 mm DI pellets to induce substantial C. fluminea, when applied both directly (water absent) and indirectly (clams submerged). Here, we examine the efficacy of commercially available dry ice (DI) pellets (i.e. Accordingly, effective population eradication and control measures are urgently required. Globally, despite repeated efforts to mitigate spread and implement substantial population control measures, C.
fluminea has shown a high degree of physiological and ecological plasticity, and has displayed a remarkable capacity for human-mediated passive dispersal. The Asian clam, Corbicula fluminea, (Müller, 1774) is a high impact freshwater invader that can dominate macroinvertebrate communities and physically alter benthic habitats. Such methods should also ideally utilise readily available materials and have a relatively straightforward field application.
Eradication and control measures for invasive aquatic organisms require innovative methods that maximise efficacy whilst minimising environmental damage.
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